The different types of hybrid car
Hybrid systems vary by manufacturer. This is a general guide to the three main types of hybrid and how they function.
Mild hybrid (MHEV) Self-charging
The engine always powers the car, assisted by a powerful electric battery, e.g. when accelerating. This boost from the battery reduces the engine's workload.
Energy otherwise lost when braking is used to recharge the battery.
Mild hybrids are the simplest type of hybrid, so their fuel economy and exhaust emissions are inferior in most situations.
Full hybrid (FHEV) Self-charging
Full hybrids run on electric power over short distances — the battery takes over from the combustion engine. This lowers fuel consumption and exhaust emissions.
The electric motor sources energy from either the battery or the engine. As with a mild hybrid, full hybrids self-charge by harnessing energy otherwise lost while braking or driving.
Plug-in hybrid (PHEV) Plug-in and self-charging
Plug-ins take full hybrid technology a stage further – they self-charge but can also be recharged from an external electricity supply.
Their larger batteries mean PHEVs have a longer all-electric range than a full hybrid. But they also cost more to buy.